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铁电材料因其换能、储能等功能性而被广泛应用于各类电子功能材料和器件，这主要取决于铁电材料晶体结构基因——极化构型。传统构建相界策略对极化构型调控不够灵活，性能增幅有限，已越来越无法满足器件微型化和集成化的需求。近期，研究者将高熵策略引入到铁电化合物中并系统研究了其对局域极化构型的调控机制。结果表明，在保留传统高熵效应的同时，高熵策略还可充分发挥原子铁电活性、半径等综合因素用于铁电功能基元(局域极化构型与氧八面体倾斜)的定向设计，有效提升外场响应的灵活度，进而大幅度提升铁电化合物的相关电学性能。该类兼具高化学无序度和高铁电功能基元无序度的材料称之为“高熵铁电体”。采用高熵策略在铁电体中开展了一系列研究工作，研究者们分别设计出高熵压电、高熵电致伸缩、高熵储能等材料。本文通过总结高熵铁电体方面的研究工作，将高熵铁电体的发展历程、设计策略、性能优化、结构机理进行梳理，以期为设计下一代高性能铁电材料提供指导。
Abstract：Ferroelectric materials are widely used in various electronic functional materials and devices due to their excellent energy conversion and storage functions,which mainly depends on the crystal structure gene of ferroelectric materials,named as polarization configuration.Traditional phase boundary construction strategies were not flexible enough in regulating polarization configuration,and the improvement on the electrical properties of materials was also limited for the requirements of miniaturization and integration of next-generation devices.Recently,researchers introduced the high-entropy strategy into ferroelectric materials and systematically studied the regulation mechanism of local polarization configuration.Theoretical and experimental results showed that,when retaining the traditional high-entropy effect,the high-entropy strategy could also fully utilize the comprehensive factors of atomic ferroactivity and radius for the directional design of ferroelectric functional elements (local polarization configuration and oxygen octahedron tilt),effectively improved the flexibility of external field response,and then significantly improved the related electrical properties.Materials with both high chemical disorder and high ferroelectric functional element disorder can be called“high-entropy FEs”.A series of researches have been carried on the ferroelectrics via the high-entropy strategy,and varieties of high-performance functional materials were designed and prepared.In this paper,the polarization configuration,acted as the core functional unit,is firstly introduced to achieve the diversity of physical properties in ferroelectric materials and the crucial role in regulating material’s properties.Then the mechanism of improving the performance of high-entropy FEs by adjusting the polarization configuration through the high-entropy strategy is discussed;Finally,the research on controlling the polarization configuration of ferroelectrics using the high-entropy strategy to enhance their performance is summarized and categorized,which demonstrated that the high-entropy strategy could improve the performance of ferroelectric materials in a feasibility and broad prospects.Finally,four directions of high-entropy strategy for enhancing material performance,including piezoelectric performance,large electrostriction,excellent energy storage,and refrigeration with large electrocaloric effect are introduced.Summary and Prospects Previous researches clearly showed the large potential of high-entropy strategy on the adjustment of multiple properties in FEs materials,However,the high configuration entropy only implied the substitution of a high ratio of multiple exotic atoms,and the characteristic of these atoms as well as their influence on the structure of the final compositions were not revealed clearly,even though a large number of high-entropy FEs did not exhibit outstanding performance.Therefore,designing high-entropy FE materials did not involve directly adopting the high-entropy strategy used in traditional structural materials.Instead,it entailed ensuring chemical disorder while utilizing highly adjustable chemical compositions to design functional unit disorder.To achieve functional materials with excellent performance,it is necessary to simultaneously satisfy chemical disorder,structural disorder,and functional unit disorder,it is also the core principle behind designing new high-entropy functional materials.Polarization configuration design is the core for achieving excellent physical properties in FE materials,many special polarization configurations have been reported to show unique electrical properties in many studies.The high-entropy strategy shows strong operability on polarization configuration design because of the unique properties and structure of high-entropy FEs.Furthermore,the high-entropy strategy would also benefit the grain refinement,mechanical property enhancement,and entropy stabilization effects.To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of chemical disorder on polarization disorder,researchers utilized neutron/synchrotron total scattering techniques combined with reverse Monte Carlo methods to achieve atomic-level three-dimensional structure reconstruction.They quantitatively analyzed the intrinsic mechanisms of sub-nanometer ion clusters and the formation of strong polarization fluctuation polarization configurations,it served as a bridge for understanding the relationship between chemical disorder and structural functional unit disorder.Some new technologies,such as machine learning and phase field simulation,could be used for assisting the prediction of high-performance materials among endless high-entropy compositions,and high throughput experiment method can also greatly improve efficiency for exploring new compositions with novel polarization configurations.In the future,further research on high-entropy FEs should focus on the design of more novel polarization configurations to attain better performance of this kinds of materials,thereby to facilitate the application of high-entropy FEs in a wide field.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230889
中图分类号:TM221
引用信息:
[1]周东桓,陈良,祁核,等.高熵铁电体研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2024,52(09):3074-3090.DOI:10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20230889.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3508200); 国家自然科学基金(52172181)
2023-11-19
2023
2024-08-09
2024
2
2024-09-02
2024-09-02
2024-09-02