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分析鉴定了十五种历代德化白瓷和影青典型样品的化学组成、显微结构以及物理和陶瓷性能。为了了解古代德化白瓷和作为重要技术因素之一的原料之间的关系,尚对两种当地产的瓷石作了研究。 从分析和研究的结果发现: 德化瓷胎和釉中钾含量高,此与当地原料的特性有密切关系。这是一个适应于素雕而避免烧成过程中变形的优点;德化地区的瓷石与景德镇地区所用瓷石是相似的,它主要是由石英,绢云母、高岭石和长石等组成;明代制釉的釉灰用量是宋代用量的一半,德化白瓷釉应属典型的钾-钙质釉;在德化地区北宋和南宋时期仅使用还原气氛烧成,元代以后,特别是明代才熟练地掌握了氧化焰烧成技术;在明代的“猪油白”瓷器胎中的钾含量与釉中相近,有时甚至超过釉中含量,这就是为什么明代德化白瓷看起来有象玉石一样的半透明感的缘故;近代德化白瓷的氧化铝含量比古代瓷器中高5～9％。
Abstract：The chemical composition, microstructure, physical and ceramic properties of fifteen typical specimens of Dehua white and shadowy blue porcelain(Yingqing) of successive dynasties were examined and analyzed. In order to understand the relationship between ancient porcelain and raw materials, two kinds of typical local porcelain stones were investigated as well. From the testing results, it is found that all Dehua porcelain bodies and glazes contain high content of potassium oxide. Dehua porcelain stones consist mainly of quartz, sericite and some amount of kaolinite or feldspar. The amount of glaze ash used for making glazes in the Ming dynasty was about half of that in the Song dynasty. Reducing firing was used in the Northern and Southern Song dynasties. After Yuan, especialIy in the Ming dynasty oxidizing firing was used. The K_2O contents in the bodies of the Ming dynasty white porcelain are nearly the same as that in glazes, sometimes even more. That is why the Dehua white porcelain of the Ming dynasty is translucent and looks like jade. The alumina content in modern Dehua white porcelain is about 5～9％ higher than that in ancient wares.
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引用信息:
[1]郭演仪,李国桢.历代德化窑白瓷的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1985(02):198-207.
1985-05-01
1985-05-01