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超高温陶瓷是一类可承受超高音速长时间、跨大气层飞行和再入等过程所面临的极端服役环境的新型防热材料。目前，超高温陶瓷趋向于多元化和多相化发展，并通过与纤维等复合形成超高温陶瓷基复合材料。本文总结了聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的研究现状，从聚合物先驱体陶瓷的发展历程、超高温陶瓷简介、聚合物先驱体法制备超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的制备方法、表征手段和材料性能等方面综述了近年来国内外的研究进展，并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。
Abstract：Ultra-high temperature ceramics are a new type of heat-resistant materials that could withstand extreme service environments such as long periods of ultra-high sound speeds, atmospheric flight, and re-entry. It usually refers to advanced ceramics with a melting point above 3 000 ℃ and the ability to resist ablation in an oxidizing atmosphere above 2 000 ℃, mainly including carbides, nitrides, and borides of transition metals in the IVB and VB groups. As thermal protection materials used in extreme environments, single-phase ultra-high temperature ceramics exhibit extremely poor antioxidant performance in extreme environments. In this paper, the development of ultra-high temperature ceramics is moved towards diversification and multiphase, and ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites are formed by compounding with fibers and other materials. Polymer conversion methods mainly include two types: the first type is metal hybrid polymer method, which use alcohol oxides(such as alcohol organic compounds, acetate, acetylacetone, salicylic acid, etc.) to modify and obtain polymer precursors with M(Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, etc.) and O acted as the main chains; The second type is the metal organic polymer method, which choose alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl ligands to realize the chemically modified organic metal compounds(such as metallocene compounds, methylamine metal compounds, etc.) to obtain polymer precursors containing M and C or B bonds. With the diversification and multiphase development of ultra-high temperature ceramics, the multi-component nanocomposite ceramics obtained by reacting metal with polycarbosilane, polysilazane, polyborosilicate, etc. were significantly better than those obtained by traditional ultra-high temperature ceramics. The polymer conversion ultra-high temperature ceramic technology could realize the control of the composition, microstructure, properties, etc., which could exhibit a revolutionary significance in the preparation of structure function integrated ceramics. Summary and prospects The preparing process of ceramics and composites via PDCs becomes more and more sophisticated. The oxygen-containing system requires a carbon thermal reduction process to obtain ultra-high temperature ceramics, resulting in a lower yield of ultra-high temperature ceramics with more pores and cracks, which leads to excessive PIP times, long densification time, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the development of oxygen free ultra-high temperature ceramic precursors is one of the important direction for the future development. Moreover, compared to single-phase ultra-high temperature ceramics, diversified and multiphase ultra-high temperature ceramics exhibite superior performance. Therefore, the development of precursors that could achieve a diversified ultra-high temperature multiphase ceramics was also an important direction to develop in the future. Polymer precursors can also be used in new application fields such as preparing ultra-high temperature thermal protective coatings, ultra-high temperature binders, and ultra-high temperature ceramic fibers. Polymer precursors would have extremely wide applications in the future.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156
中图分类号:TQ174.1;TB33
引用信息:
[1]江天兴,周天赐,文青波,等.聚合物转化超高温陶瓷及其复合材料研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2024,52(09):2827-2846.DOI:10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240156.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52108205)
2024-02-28
2024
2024-08-09
2024
1
2024-09-02
2024-09-02
2024-09-02