| 88 | 0 | 75 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
含铪超高温陶瓷具有优异的耐超高温、抗氧化、抗烧蚀及良好的力学性能,在高速飞行器等领域有着广泛的应用前景。先驱体转化法因先驱体分子结构可设计、成型性能好、制备温度低、陶瓷产物性能可控等特点而受到广泛关注。本文综述了先驱体转化含铪超高温陶瓷的研究进展,包括有机铪聚合物的分类及其制备方法、交联和热解及其转化陶瓷的组成、结构、性能与应用;最后对先驱体转化含铪超高温陶瓷的发展趋势进行了展望。
Abstract：Hafnium-containing ultra-high temperature ceramics refer to hafnium carbide, hafnium boride, hafnium nitride, and their multiphase ceramics, which have extremely high melting point, high hardness, high stability, excellent mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance. They are ideal candidate materials for high-temperature applications such as an aerodynamic surface of high-speed aircraft, propulsion system components, plasma arc electrodes, high-temperature furnace heating elements, and high-temperature shielding. It is difficult to prepare high-purity hafnium-containing ceramic powder. The self-diffusion coefficient of ceramics is low, and conventional powder sintering has some bottlenecks in preparing large-size and complex-shaped ultra-high temperature ceramic materials. Polymer-derived ceramic is an efficient method for preparing high-performance hafnium-containing ultra-high temperature ceramic fibers and composites because of the advantages of design-able composition and structure, diversity of molding shapes, low preparation temperature, and uniform distribution of the prepared ceramics. According to the bonding method, organic hafnium polymers can be divided into a single source and polymer-modified precursor containing Hf-O, Hf-C, and Hf-N bonds, which can be used to prepare ultra-high temperature ceramic powders, coatings, fibers, and composites. Polymers containing Hf-O bonds can be obtained via de-HCl condensation of hafnium-containing chlorides(such as HfCl4, etc.) and hydroxyl compounds(such as sucrose, etc.) with di(multi)functionality or modification of organosilicon polymers with organic hafnium compounds(such as Hf(OC4H9)4, etc.), which have the advantages of cheap and easy to obtain raw materials, simple synthesis process conditions, easy industrial production, and good stability of the prepared ceramics. However, the low densification ability restricts its applications. Polymers containing Hf-C bonds are mainly obtained via de-chlorination condensation of hafnium-containing chlorides(such as Cp2HfCl2, etc.) and organometallic reagents, which have high ceramic yield, good ultra-high temperature performance of the pyrolytic ceramics and high hafnium content that can be introduced by a single-source precursor route. However, cyclopentadiene rigid structures limit their melting and dissolution performance, and there is still a need to improve their formability. There are also some problems, such as the synthesis process is complex. The complex network structure and large molecular weight also limit the precursor's melting and dissolution properties synthesized by a polymer modified precursor route. The type of precursor and heat treatment process affect the composition, structure, and properties of organic hafnium polymers solidified by thermal cross-linking, gas-phase reaction cross-linking, catalytic cross-linking, and irradiation cross-linking, as well as polymer-derived HfC, HfN or HfB_2-based ceramics. Compared with the conventional inorganic powder sintering method, the hafnium-containing ultra-high temperature ceramics derived from organic hafnium polymer precursors(especially non-oxygen precursors) have the advantages of smaller grain size, more uniform distribution, lower oxygen content, and lower synthesis temperature, as well as more superior ultra-high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance. Summary and Prospects Synthesis of organic hafnium polymers gradually tends to be non-oxidation, simplification, low cost, high conversion rate, and high performance. The pyrolysis of polymers containing Hf-O bonds needs to undergo the carbon-thermal reduction process at high temperatures, and the prepared ceramics have more pores and cracks and insufficient performance, so non-oxygen hafnium-containing polymers are an important direction for future research. The molding performance of solid precursors limits their application in preparing ultra-high temperature ceramic composites via the PIP method, and liquid precursors with a high ceramic yield becomes a hot direction for future development. In addition, polymer-derived continuous ultra-high temperature ceramic fibers and their composites is a research hotspot, and exploring a new paradigm of artificial intelligence to accelerate the research of ultra-high temperature ceramic materials is also an important direction for development.
[1]FAHRENHOLTZ W.Ultra-high temperature ceramics:materials for extreme environment applications[M]..
[2]IONESCU E,BERNARD S,LUCAS R,et al.Polymer-derived ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs) and related materials[J].Adv Eng Mater,2019,21(8):1900269.
[3]BIN MUJIB S,ARUNACHALAM S R,SINGH G.Low-temperature synthesis of Hf C/Hf O2 nanocomposites from a commercial single-source precursor[J].Int J Ceram Eng Sci,2023,5(5):e10187.
[4]ZHANG B W,ZHONG F G,QIU X C,et al.Hydrothermal synthesis of Hf C whiskers and its toughening effect on Zr B2-Hf O2 coatings[J].JSolid State Chem,2024,329:124384.
[5]WANG Z,CHENG Y,LI K W,et al.Synthesis and formation mechanism of Hf B2 ultrafine powders with low oxygen via flocculating settling assisted process and carbo/borothermal reduction[J].J Mater Sci Technol,2023,164:229-239.
[6]YAN C L,YE L S,CHEN L Y,et al.Properties and microstructure of Cf/Hf C-Si C composite prepared by combined process[J].Int J Appl Ceram Technol,2024,21(1):230-239.
[7]JIAO X Y,TAN Q,HE Q C,et al.Cyclic ablation behavior of mullite-modified C/C-Hf C-Si C composites under an oxyacetylene flame at about 2400℃[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2023,43(10):4309-4321.
[8]GHADAMI S,TAHERI-NASSAJ E,BAHARVANDI H R,et al.Effect of in situ VSi2 and Si C phases on the sintering behavior and the mechanical properties of Hf B2-based composites[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):16540.
[9]PAUL A,RUBIO V,BINNER J,et al.Evaluation of the high temperature performance of Hf B2 UHTC particulate filled Cf/Ccomposites[J].Int J Appl Ceram Technol,2017,14(3):344-353.
[10]GHELICH R,JAHANNAMA M R,ABDIZADEH H,et al.Effect of incorporation of hafnium diboride nanofibers on thermomechanical properties of carbon fiber-phenolic composites[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2022,105(9):5817-5834.
[11]GHADAMI S,TAHERI-NASSAJ E,BAHARVANDI H R,et al.Improvement of mechanical properties of Hf B2-based composites by incorporating in situ Si C reinforcement through pressureless sintering[J].Sci Rep,2021,11(1):9835.
[12]WU Y H,YE L,SUN Y N,et al.Synthesis and pyrolysis of soluble cyclic Hf-schiff base polymers[J].Chin J Polym Sci,2021,39(6):659-664.
[13]CAI T,QIU W F,LIU D,et al.Synthesis,characterization,and microstructure of hafnium boride-based composite ceramics via preceramic method[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2013,96(6):1999-2004.
[14]PATRA N,LEE W E.Facile precursor synthesis of Hf C-Si Cultra-high-temperature ceramic composite powder for potential hypersonic applications[J].ACS Appl Nano Mater,2018,1(9):4502-4508.
[15]WANG X Z,ZHANG L Y,WANG Y F.Preparation of Hf C-Si Cultra-high-temperature ceramics by the copolycondensation of Hf C and Si C precursors[J].J Mater Sci,2022,57(7):4467-4480.
[16]GHELICH R,JAHANNAMA M R,ABDIZADEH H,et al.Hafnium diboride nonwoven mats with porosity/morphology tuned via different heat treatments[J].Mater Chem Phys,2020,248:122876.
[17]GHELICH R,ABDIZADEH H,JAHANNAMA M R,et al.A different chemical route to prepare hafnium diboride-based nanofibers:Effect of chemical composition[J].Int J Appl Ceram Technol,2020,17(5):2123-2136.
[18]ERANEZHUTH W A,SRIDAR S,ADHIMOOLAM B K,et al.Ablation resistance of precursor derived Si-Hf-C-N(O) ceramics[J].JEur Ceram Soc,2016,36(15):3717-3723.
[19]LOKESH VENDRA S S,KOROLEVA E,FILIMONOV A,et al.Spark plasma sintered Si(Hf)OC nanocomposites exhibiting thermally stable dielectric behavior processed through precursor route[J].Mater Chem Phys,2023,302:127717.
[20]BAE S G,KIM S,JEONG H,et al.Effect of carbon and oxygen on the high-temperature properties of silicon carbide-hafnium carbide nanocomposite fiber[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2023,43(4):1385-1396.
[21]BAE S G,OH M,LEE Y,et al.Fabrication and high-temperature performance evaluation of silicon carbide-Hafnium carbide nanocomposite fiber[J].Ceram Int,2022,48(9):13295-13303.
[22]ZHANG X M,ZHANG Y Y,GUO L X,et al.Ablation resistance of Zr C coating modified by polymer-derived Si Hf OC ceramic microspheres at ultrahigh temperature[J].J Mater Sci Technol,2024,182:119-131.
[23]ANAND R,LU K,NAYAK B B,et al.Structural evolution and oxidation resistance of polysilazane-derived Si CN-Hf O2 ceramics[J].JAm Ceram Soc,2024,107(3):1657-1668.
[24]TERAUDS K,RAJ R.Limits to the stability of the amorphous nature of polymer-derived Hf Si CNO compounds[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2013,96(7):2117-2123.
[25]INZENHOFER K,SCHMALZ T,WRACKMEYER B,et al.The preparation of Hf C/C ceramics via molecular design[J].Dalton Trans,2011,40(17):4741-4745.
[26]CHENG J,WANG X Z,WANG H,et al.Preparation and high-temperature behavior of Hf C-Si C nanocomposites derived from a non-oxygen single-source-precursor[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2017,100(11):5044-5055.
[27]TIAN Y L,GE M,ZHANG W G,et al.Metallocene catalytic insertion polymerization of 1-silene to polycarbosilanes[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:16274.
[28]WU Y H,CHEN F H,HAN W J,et al.Synthesis and pyrolysis of non-oxide precursors for Zr C/Si C and Hf C/Si C composite ceramics[J].Ceram Int,2020,46(14):22102-22107.
[29]CHENG J,WANG X Z,WANG J,et al.Synthesis,ceramic conversion and microstructure evolution of Hf C-based nanocomposites derived from precursors with different nitrogen contents[J].J Alloys Compd,2018,764:387-396.
[30]CHENG J,WANG X Z,WANG J,et al.Synthesis of a novel single-source precursor for Hf C ceramics and its feasibility for the preparation of Hf-based ceramic fibres[J].Ceram Int,2018,44(6):7305-7309.
[31]ZHAO Z,HAN C,WANG X Z,et al.Synthesis and pyrolysis of Hf-N-B backbone polymer precursor for Hf C/Hf B2 composite ceramics[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2024,107(5):3424-3435.
[32]XU Y F,HU J D,CHEN Z Y,et al.Precursor-derived Si Hf BCNceramics with ultrahigh temperature stability:Facile preparation,phase evolution behavior,and mechanism of ultrahigh temperature thermal stability[J].Ceram Int,2024,50(3):4350-4358.
[33]SHEN J,TANG Z C,TUSIIME R,et al.Effects of hafnium sources and hafnium content on the structures and properties of Si BNC-Hf ceramic precursors[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2023,106(5):3239-3251.
[34]SONG Y,LIU Z Y,ZHANG X C,et al.Single source precursor derived Si BCNHf ceramic with enhanced high-temperature microwave absorption and antioxidation[J].J Mater Sci Technol,2022,126:215-227.
[35]WEN Q B,XU Y P,XU B B,et al.Single-source-precursor synthesis of dense Si C/Hf CxN1-x-based ultrahigh-temperature ceramic nanocomposites[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(22):13678-13689.
[36]ZENG G,XU P,ZENG C,et al.Synthesis and pyrolysis of single-source precursor for Hf CxN1-x-Si C ceramic with different Si Ccontents[J].Ceram Int,2022,48(16):22967-22974.
[37]ZHOU C,GAO X,XU Y,et al.Synthesis and high-temperature evolution of single-phase amorphous Si-Hf-N ceramics[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2015,35(7):2007-2015.
[38]LI W,LI F,YU Z J,et al.Polymer-derived Si Hf N ceramics:From amorphous bulk ceramics with excellent mechanical properties to high temperature resistant ceramic nanocomposites[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2022,42(11):4493-4502.
[39]YUAN J,LI D,JOHANNS K E,et al.Preparation of dense Si Hf(B)CN-based ceramic nanocomposites via rapid spark plasma sintering[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2017,37(16):5157-5165.
[40]WEN Q B,YU Z J,RIEDEL R,et al.Single-source-precursor synthesis and high-temperature evolution of a boron-containing Si C/Hf C ceramic nano/micro composite[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2021,41(5):3002-3012.
[41]LI W,DU H Z,TIAN C M,et al.Single-source-precursor derived bulk Si3N4/Hf BxN1-x ceramic nanocomposites with excellent oxidation resistance[J].Z Für Anorg Und Allg Chem,2022,648(21):e202200203.
[42]YUAN J,HAPIS S,BREITZKE H,et al.Single-source-precursor synthesis of hafnium-containing ultrahigh-temperature ceramic nanocomposites (UHTC-NCs)[J].Inorg Chem,2014,53(19):10443-10455.
[43]GURON M M,KIM M J,SNEDDON L G.A simple polymeric precursor strategy for the syntheses of complex zirconium and hafnium-based ultra high-temperature silicon-carbide composite ceramics[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2008,91(5):1412-1415.
[44]YU Z J,WANG Z Y,DONG X C,et al.Liquid single-source-precursor synthesis and phase evolution of Si C-Hf C-C ceramics nanocomposites with core-shell structured Si C@C and Hf C@C nanoparticles[J].Open Ceram,2023,15:100430.
[45]LI W,WIDENMEYER M,DING J X,et al.Phase evolution and oxidation resistance of Si3N4/Hf B2/Hf BxCyN1-x-y ceramic nanocomposites prepared from tailored preceramic polymers[J].Ceram Int,2023,49(21):34164-34172.
[46]LIU H L,LIU C Z,SUI Y,et al.Preparation of silicon-nitride ceramic fibers with hafnium compounds loaded on the surface and the high temperature properties[J].Vacuum,2024,220:112732.
[47]ZHANG M,FAN X M,YE F,et al.Synthesis,microstructure and electromagnetic properties of Hf-based Si BCN ceramics[J].Ceram Int,2023,49(12):19664-19672.
[48]CAI T,LIU D,QIU W F,et al.Polymer precursor-derived Hf C-Si Cultrahigh-temperature ceramic nanocomposites[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2018,101(1):20-24.
[49]ZHANG M,FAN X M,YE F,et al.Evolution of the composition,microstructure and electromagnetic properties of Hf OC ceramics with pyrolysis temperature[J].Ceram Int,2022,48(12):16630-16637.
[50]THOR N,BERNAUER J,PETRY N C,et al.Microstructural evolution of Si(HfxTa1-x)(C)N polymer-derived ceramics upon high-temperature anneal[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2023,43(4):1417-1431.
[51]LI Y,CHEN S A,MA X,et al.A simple way to prepare a precursor for Zr C-Si C ceramics[J].J Mater Sci,2016,51(11):5160-5169.
[52]ZHU Q Q,ZHANG Y,GUO W M,et al.Selection principle of the synthetic route for fabrication of Hf B2 and Hf B2-Si C ceramics[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2019,102(11):6427-6432.
[53]SUN W Z,TIAN Y,XU S D,et al.Powder synthesis,densification,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Hf B2-Hf C ceramic composites[J].Int J Appl Ceram Technol,2024,21(1):195-206.
[54]LUAN X G,ZHANG J H,WANG L,et al.Wet oxidation behavior of C/Si C-Si Hf(B)CN composites at high temperature[J].Adv Compos Hybrid Mater,2020,3(3):415-429.
[55]XU X M,LUAN X G,ZHANG J H,et al.Significant improvement of ultra-high temperature oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites upon matrix modification by Si Hf BCN ceramics[J].Compos Part B Eng,2023,253:110553.
[56]YUAN J,GALETZ M,LUAN X G,et al.High-temperature oxidation behavior of polymer-derived Si Hf BCN ceramic nanocomposites[J].JEur Ceram Soc,2016,36(12):3021-3028.
[57]LYU Y,DU B H,CHEN G Q,et al.Microstructural regulation,oxidation resistance,and mechanical properties of Cf/Si C/Si Hf BOCcomposites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration with precursor infiltration pyrolysis[J].J Adv Ceram,2022,11(1):120-135.
[58]BRAHMANDAM S,RAJ R.Novel composites constituted from hafnia and a polymer-derived ceramic as an interface:Phase for severe ultrahigh temperature applications[J].J Am Ceram Soc,2007,90(10):3171-3176.
[59]DUAN L Y,LUO L,LIU L P,et al.Ablation of C/Si C-Hf C composite prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis in plasma wind tunnel[J].J Adv Ceram,2020,9(3):393-402.
[60]YAN M,LI H J,FU Q G,et al.Ablative property of C/C-Si C-Hf Ccomposites prepared via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis under3000℃oxyacetylene torch[J].Acta Metall Sin Engl Lett,2014,27(6):981-987.
[61]YAN C L,LIU R J,ZHA B L,et al.Fabrication and properties of3-dimensional 4-directional Cf/Hf C-Si C composites by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis process[J].J Alloys Compd,2018,739:955-960.
[62]CHEN B W,KAN Y M,NI D W,et al.Long-term ablation mechanisms of the YB4-Al2O3-Si3N4 modified Cf/Hf C-Si C composites at2600℃[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2024,44(3):1496-1504.
[63]FENG T,TONG M D,HOU W B,et al.Flexural properties of cyclic ablated Si Cf/Hf C-Si C composites[J].Ceram Int,2021,47(9):12851-12858.
[64]HOU W B,QI W,YANG Y Q,et al.Effect of slurry and sol-gel introduce Si Cnws on ablation and bending behaviors of modified Si Cf/Hf C-Si C composites[J].Int J Appl Ceram Technol,2022,19(4):1956-1969.
[65]ZHANG J P,XIN Y P,WANG R N,et al.Ablation behaviour of C/C-Hf C-Si C composites prepared by joint route of precursor infiltration and pyrolysis and gaseous silicon infiltration[J].Chin JAeronaut,2023,36(9):426-436.
[66]TONG M D,FU Q G,HU D,et al.Improvement of ablation resistance of CVD-Hf C/Si C coating on hemisphere shaped C/C composites by introducing diffusion interface[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2021,41(7):4067-4075.
[67]ZHANG J P,FU Q G,TONG M D,et al.Microstructure,ablation behavior and thermal retardant ability of C/C-Hf B2 composites prepared by precursor infiltration pyrolysis combined with chemical vapor infiltration[J].J Alloys Compd,2018,742:123-129.
[68]ZHANG J P,FU Q G,WANG L.Preparation,ablation behavior and thermal retardant ability of C/C-Hf B2-Si C composites[J].Mater Des,2017,132:552-558.
[69]TANG Z X,YI M Z,XIANG Q L,et al.Mechanical and ablation properties of a C/C-Hf B2-Si C composite prepared by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2021,41(13):6160-6170.
[70]WEN Q B,LUAN X G,WANG L,et al.Laser ablation behavior of Si Hf C-based ceramics prepared from a single-source precursor:Effects of Hf-incorporation into Si C[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2019,39(6):2018-2027.
[71]AWIN E W,SRIDAR S,KOUSAALYA A B,et al.Low frequency dielectric behavior and AC conductivity of polymer derived Si C(O)/Hf CxN1-x ceramic nanocomposites[J].Mater Chem Phys,2021,260:124122.
[72]RAN L P,RAO F,PENG K,et al.Preparation and properties of C/C-Zr B2-Si C composites by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)[J].Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2019,29(10):2141-2150.
[73]WANG S Y,BI J Q,LIANG G D,et al.Hafnium boride whiskers prepared by boro/carbothermal reduction for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Ceram Int,2024,50(3):5121-5131.
[74]FU Y Q,ZHANG Y L,YIN X M,et al.Two birds with one stone:Simultaneous fabrication of Hf C nanowires and CNTs through efficient utilization of polymer-derived ceramics[J].J Mater Sci Technol,2022,129:163-172.
基本信息:
DOI：10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240676
中图分类号:TQ174.1
引用信息:
[1]郭效扩,王小宙,毛卫国.先驱体转化含铪超高温陶瓷研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2025,53(09):2739-2752.DOI:10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20240676.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(51872329)